Economic Development Policies in Indonesia (2021–2025) and the Role of Technology

Ninis Hadi Haryanit

doi:10.5281/zenodo.18519109

Authors

Ninis Hadi Haryanit Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18519109

Keywords:

Indonesia, economic development, technology, digital transformation, Industry 4.0, economic policy, digital infrastructure, innovation ecosystems, national recovery strategy

Abstract

Indonesia's economic development between 2021 and 2025 reflects a transitional phase marked by post-pandemic recovery and accelerated technological adoption. This study examines national development policies implemented during this period and evaluates the influence of technological innovation in supporting economic resilience and structural transformation. Using qualitative policy analysis supported by secondary macroeconomic indicators, the research investigates the alignment between national planning frameworks and technological integration across major industries. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s Digital Roadmap 2021–2024, Making Indonesia 4.0, and National Economic Recovery (PEN) programs significantly contributed to productivity enhancement, public service digitalization, and financial inclusion. Technology-driven initiatives strengthened industrial competitiveness while supporting inclusive growth. However, persistent challenges remain, including regional disparities in digital infrastructure, digital literacy gaps, regulatory constraints, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The study concludes that technology plays a pivotal role in Indonesia’s economic development policies, yet long-term effectiveness depends on institutional capacity, equitable access, and coordinated multi-sectoral implementation. The results contribute to broader discussions on digital transformation and sustainable development in emerging economies.

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